I was born in Africa, the son of Indian Christian parents from Kerala. When I settled in Madras for college, I had just fled a country where a military dictatorship had trampled over human rights. So I could only marvel at the unwieldy miracle of Indian national elections, the vibrant free press, and the freedom of all religious groups to worship. I never took what India had accomplished for granted. How sad and alarming then to see these very things under threat today; we must not stay silent.
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When you live in a nightmare, when you wake each day with a sense of dread, you recall things that gave you hope, you imagine things as they could be, you look for reasons to engage with your increasingly horrifying reality. I often return, at those times, to a past that promised a world of peace and love and harmony, of equality and freedom for everyone. Joni Mitchell comes to mind, telling me that we are better than what we are living through, that we have been sold for blood money, that we must bring ourselves back to the beauty, the compassion and the solidarity that we are all capable of.
Freedom as reality is forever in jeopardy. But as we complete the 75th year of freedom as a nation, freedom is ironically suffering a huge deficit and assault in India today. Intellectually, creatively, and imaginatively we were free before political freedom came to us. Literature, the arts, and science of pre-independent India were created by free-minded writers, artists, and scientists. After independence we enjoyed, by and large, freedom to express our dissent, our criticism of the establishment, our vision of alternatives. This freedom today is being seriously and grievously curtailed by both legal and extra-legal ways. Unfortunately, not only freedom, but also equality and justice, the founding values of our constitution, are under assault.
I grew up on heroic tales of womenSarojini Naidu Matangini HazraWho underwent torture to buy us freedomwillingly and sometimes with their lives. Travel backwardswith me to Hazrat Mahal Rani Laxmibai, back, backto Draupadi Arundhati Radha the ever-misunderstood SitaWith her quiet epic resistance. The chiaroscurosilhouettes of my lifetime tooIndira Mahasweta Ismat and should I include Kiran?Time blurs closeup, hard to tell protagonist from antagonist.#MeToo and #NoMoreCompromisebutt heads against memories of Nirbhaya.
The 75th Independence Day, which the government of India is celebrating as Azadi ka Amrit Mahotsav (translated as the elixir of energy of independence by the government), is a good time to remember how through our collective complacency we have allowed this amrit to turn into a poison that has entered not just our society and politics but is running as lifeblood among a large number of Indian citizens. For the last 75 years we ignored the warning signs, believing that by ignoring them we will make them disappear. We forgot that nothing is permanent, least of all freedom. Unless we work towards restoring it every day, we contribute to its whittling away. No better time than the present to start reclaiming our India from those who are deforming it.
1947 was a moment of hope. It came at the cost of millions of lives tragically lost and uprooted during the Partition. But independence from British rule promised a new beginning, a life of equality, freedom, and pluralism to the citizens of the new republic. For much of its postcolonial history, India struggled to fulfill this promise. The existence of democracy, however flawed, meant that people could voice their demands and protest injustice. Until 2014.
Methods: In a double-blind, phase 3 trial, we randomly assigned, in a 1:1 ratio, patients with clear-cell renal-cell carcinoma who were at high risk for recurrence after nephrectomy, with or without metastasectomy, to receive either adjuvant pembrolizumab (at a dose of 200 mg) or placebo intravenously once every 3 weeks for up to 17 cycles (approximately 1 year). The primary end point was disease-free survival according to the investigator's assessment. Overall survival was a key secondary end point. Safety was a secondary end point.
Results: A total of 496 patients were randomly assigned to receive pembrolizumab, and 498 to receive placebo. At the prespecified interim analysis, the median time from randomization to the data-cutoff date was 24.1 months. Pembrolizumab therapy was associated with significantly longer disease-free survival than placebo (disease-free survival at 24 months, 77.3% vs. 68.1%; hazard ratio for recurrence or death, 0.68; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.53 to 0.87; P = 0.002 [two-sided]). The estimated percentage of patients who remained alive at 24 months was 96.6% in the pembrolizumab group and 93.5% in the placebo group (hazard ratio for death, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.30 to 0.96). Grade 3 or higher adverse events of any cause occurred in 32.4% of the patients who received pembrolizumab and in 17.7% of those who received placebo. No deaths related to pembrolizumab therapy occurred.
Conclusions: Pembrolizumab treatment led to a significant improvement in disease-free survival as compared with placebo after surgery among patients with kidney cancer who were at high risk for recurrence. (Funded by Merck Sharp and Dohme, a subsidiary of Merck; KEYNOTE-564 ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT03142334.).
There are 4 goals or aims of human life, namely Dharma (duties), Artha (prosperity), Kama (desires/passions), Moksha (liberation/freedom/salvation);[17][18] karma (action, intent and consequences), Saṃsāra (cycle of rebirth), and the various Yogas (paths or practices to attain moksha).[15][19] Hindu rituals include puja (worship) and recitations, meditation, family-oriented rites of passage, annual festivals, and occasional pilgrimages. Some Hindus leave their social world and become sanyasi to achieve Moksha.[20] Hinduism prescribes the eternal duties, such as honesty, non-violence (ahimsa), patience, self-restraint, and compassion, among others.[21][22] The four largest sects of Hinduism are the Vaishnavism, Shaivism, Shaktism and Smartism.[23]
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